Overweight women who have been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to become fertile and eventually conceive by exercising and focusing on weight loss, according to a study conducted by Pennsylvania researchers.
PCOS is the leading cause of female infertility. An endocrine disorder, it is characterized by the abnormal levels of male-related hormones such as androgens and testosterones, which can disrupt the ovulation period. Women therefore have irregular or no periods for a long time. They may also be susceptible to hirsutism (excessive hair growth), hyperpigmentation of the skin especially on the neck and armpits, acne, and fast weight gain, which may be hard to lose.
PCOS may not be cured, but it can be treated, including using birth control pills to minimize the production of androgens and regulate ovulation. Many studies have also associated better lifestyle such as diet and exercise to increased chances of fertility.
This new study compares these recognized interventions.
For the study, the researchers chose more than 140 overweight or obese women with no other known condition other than PCOS. Their ages range from 18 to 40. They were then randomly assigned to three groups: group A took birth control pills alone, group B had lifestyle modification, while group C had both lifestyle modification and birth control pills.
After four months, the women were given medications to induce ovulation, which went on for four cycles. About 10% of group A had given birth while 26% delivered babies among group B. Around 24% of women under group C became mothers.
Women who underwent mainly lifestyle modifications or a combination of birth control pills and lifestyle changes fared better in terms of their overall health. They showed a higher sensitivity to insulin, for example. PCOS women tend to become insulin resistant, which increases their risk of diabetes. The study also revealed they had lower triglycerides, also reducing the risk of heart disease.
The study is now available in Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
